12.1
Many slime molds, mainly the "cellular" slime molds, do not spend most of their time in this state. When food is abundant, these slime molds exist as single-celled organisms. When food is in short supply, many of these single-celled organisms will congregate and start moving as a single body. In this state they are sensitive to airborne chemicals and can detect food sources. They can readily change the shape and function of parts, and may form stalks that produce fruiting bodies, releasing countless spores, light enough to be carried on the wind or hitch a ride on passing animals.

12.2
Many slime molds, mainly the "cellular" slime molds, do not spend most of their time in this state. When food is abundant, these slime molds exist as single-celled organisms. When food is in short supply, many of these single-celled organisms will congregate and start moving as a single body. In this state they are sensitive to airborne chemicals and can detect food sources. They can readily change the shape and function of parts, and may form stalks that produce fruiting bodies, releasing countless spores, light enough to be carried on the wind or hitch a ride on passing animals.

12.3
Many slime molds, mainly the "cellular" slime molds, do not spend most of their time in this state. When food is abundant, these slime molds exist as single-celled organisms. When food is in short supply, many of these single-celled organisms will congregate and start moving as a single body. In this state they are sensitive to airborne chemicals and can detect food sources. They can readily change the shape and function of parts, and may form stalks that produce fruiting bodies, releasing countless spores, light enough to be carried on the wind or hitch a ride on passing animals.

8.1
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are characterized by the formation of unique structures, arbuscules and vesicles by fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. AM fungi help plants to capture nutrients such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed that the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis played a crucial role in the initial colonisation of land by plants and in the evolution of the vascular plants.

8.2
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are characterized by the formation of unique structures, arbuscules and vesicles by fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. AM fungi help plants to capture nutrients such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed that the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis played a crucial role in the initial colonisation of land by plants and in the evolution of the vascular plants.

15.1
The Cyttaria were consumed by the native peoples that populated the territories where these fruits originate. Cyttaria darwinii and Cyttaria harioti were consumed fresh by the Fuegian or Yámanas Indians who inhabited the Beagle Channel as this species is rich in polysaccharides. It is currently used to make pickles. Cyttaria harioti was used by the Chilean Mapuche, who called the mushroom "llau-llau", to make an alcoholic drink or chicha (chicha = sour drink in Aztec). Cyttaria espinosae is currently consumed in large quantities in Chile in salads. Recent biomedical studies seem to have discovered certain components with anticancer properties against certain types of sarcoma, and lymphoma.

15.2
The Cyttaria were consumed by the native peoples that populated the territories where these fruits originate. Cyttaria darwinii and Cyttaria harioti were consumed fresh by the Fuegian or Yámanas Indians who inhabited the Beagle Channel as this species is rich in polysaccharides. It is currently used to make pickles. Cyttaria harioti was used by the Chilean Mapuche, who called the mushroom "llau-llau", to make an alcoholic drink or chicha (chicha = sour drink in Aztec). Cyttaria espinosae is currently consumed in large quantities in Chile in salads. Recent biomedical studies seem to have discovered certain components with anticancer properties against certain types of sarcoma, and lymphoma.

19.1
Under the name of Tibi, the original granules live in Opuntia ssp feeding on the sugary excretions (fruits) of these cacti. In Oaxaca, they are popularly known as seaweed or granillo, and are generally used domestically. Later, the granules of this culture, also known as cabaiasis, were named tibicos. Some sources call them Chinese mushrooms and others point to Japan as its origin. Reference is also made to Tibet, where the word tibicos would come from.